Response of runoff and nitrogen loadings to climate and land use changes in the middle Fenhe River basin in Northern China

Abstract Investigating and understanding the responses of runoff nitrogen loading to climate land use change is particularly important for future water resources management. In this article, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used simulate in middle reaches Fenhe River. The model calibrated by SWAT calibration uncertainty procedure (SWAT-CUP) achieve accuracy simulating loadings. Furthermore, 20 scenarios seven extreme were set up run on model. results showed that decreased when temperature increased with increasing precipitation. Runoff more sensitive changes precipitation (±10%) than (±2 °C), while opposite pattern. When two climatic factors changed same direction, combined effect larger either factor alone, whereas direction produced a weaker effect. different significantly obvious during flood season non-flood season. study provide useful guide resource managers.